1 Samuel 26:15

Authorized King James Version

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And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said H559
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִ֨ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֨ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 24
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַבְנֵ֜ר to Abner H74
אַבְנֵ֜ר to Abner
Strong's: H74
Word #: 4 of 24
abner, an israelite
הֲלוֹא H3808
הֲלוֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 5 of 24
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אִ֣ישׁ Art not thou a valiant man H376
אִ֣ישׁ Art not thou a valiant man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 24
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אַתָּ֗ה H859
אַתָּ֗ה
Strong's: H859
Word #: 7 of 24
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
וּמִ֤י H4310
וּמִ֤י
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 8 of 24
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ H3644
כָמ֙וֹךָ֙
Strong's: H3644
Word #: 9 of 24
as, thus, so
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל and who is like to thee in Israel H3478
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל and who is like to thee in Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 10 of 24
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְלָ֙מָּה֙ H4100
וְלָ֙מָּה֙
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 11 of 24
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 12 of 24
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ wherefore then hast thou not kept H8104
שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ wherefore then hast thou not kept
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 13 of 24
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 14 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ thy lord H113
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ thy lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 15 of 24
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 16 of 24
a king
כִּי H3588
כִּי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 17 of 24
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בָא֙ for there came H935
בָא֙ for there came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 18 of 24
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אַחַ֣ד one H259
אַחַ֣ד one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 19 of 24
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
הָעָ֔ם of the people H5971
הָעָ֔ם of the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 20 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית in to destroy H7843
לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית in to destroy
Strong's: H7843
Word #: 21 of 24
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 23 of 24
a king
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ thy lord H113
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ thy lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 24 of 24
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

Analysis & Commentary

David's rhetorical assault on Abner intensifies, sarcastically praising his reputation ('Art not thou a valiant man?') while exposing his actual failure. The revelation that 'one of the people' (David himself, though unnamed) entered to destroy the king exposes the catastrophic lapse in security. David's pointed question highlights the disconnect between Abner's reputation and his performance, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture when human pride fails to match God's standards.

Historical Context

Warriors in the ancient Near East derived significant social status from their martial reputation. David's public questioning of Abner's competence before the army would have been deeply humiliating, attacking the very foundation of his identity and honor.

Questions for Reflection

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