1 Samuel 26:15

Authorized King James Version

And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּאמֶר֩
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
דָּוִ֨ד
And David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
אַבְנֵ֜ר
H74
to Abner
abner, an israelite
#5
הֲלוֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#6
אִ֣ישׁ
Art not thou a valiant man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#7
אַתָּ֗ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#8
וּמִ֤י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#9
כָמ֙וֹךָ֙
as, thus, so
#10
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
and who is like to thee in Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#11
וְלָ֙מָּה֙
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#12
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#13
שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ
wherefore then hast thou not kept
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#14
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃
thy lord
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#16
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ
the king
a king
#17
כִּי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#18
בָא֙
for there came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#19
אַחַ֣ד
one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
#20
הָעָ֔ם
of the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#21
לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית
in to destroy
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
#22
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#23
הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ
the king
a king
#24
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃
thy lord
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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